James Gregory FRS (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. As indicated by the yellow rays in the figure: (1) light enters the open end of the telescope; (2) light rays travel to the primary mirror, where they are reflected and concentrated at the prime focus; (3) a secondary mirror slightly beyond the prime focus reflects and concentrates the rays near a small aperture in the primary mirror; and (4) the image is viewed through an eyepiece. James Gregory, dubbed "the funniest man in America," has been performing home-spun comedy to sold-out crowds for over 20 years. Gregory, James (1638–1675), mathematician, was born at the manse of Drumoak, near Aberdeen, in November 1638, the youngest son of John and Janet Gregory. James Gregory FRS (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. James Gregory. James Gregory was a Scottish scientist and first Regius Professor of Mathematics at St Andrews who described the first practical reflecting telescope. View one larger picture. Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory is best known for his description of the first practical reflecting telescope. James Gregory, also spelled James Gregorie, (born November 1638, Drumoak [near Aberdeen], Scotland—died October 1675, Edinburgh), Scottish mathematician and astronomer who discovered infinite series representations for a number of trigonometry functions, although he is mostly remembered for his description of the first practical reflecting telescope, now known as the Gregorian telescope. J ames Gregory published papers on a number of mathematical and scientific subjects, and a look at his unpublished papers … by H.W. If you can improve it, please do. He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions. (1638–75). English: James Gregory (November 1638 – October 1675), was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. of Edinburgh. Omissions? About James Gregory 1.James Gregory, the Aberdeen mathematician, is arguably the greatest scientist associated with St Andrews. 3. 3.James Gregory invented the first ever reflecting telescope, but he never actually … David Gregory was was a nephew of James Gregory who become a professor of mathematics in Edinburgh and Oxford. In 1670 and 1671 he communicated to the English mathematician John Collins a number of important results on infinite series expansions of various trigonometry functions, including what is now known as Gregory’s series for the arctangent function: National Register of Archives, private collection, C. C. Age at Death B. Read more on Wikipedia. Blog. 2. His father, minister of Drumoak, was fined, deposed, and imprisoned by the covenanters. James Gregory also wrote the Advance of Optics. Media in category "James Gregory (mathematician)" The following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. In the epilogue, Gregory proposed a new telescope design with a secondary mirror in the shape of a concave ellipsoid that would collect the reflection from a primary parabolic mirror and refocus the image back through a small hole in the centre of the primary mirror to an eyepiece. He worked with Cavalieri, Huygens, Gregory of St. Vincent, James Gregory, Wallis, and Newton. Corrections? Scottish mathematician and astronomer. On the strength of his Italian treatises, Gregory was elected to the Royal Society on his return to London in 1668 and appointed to the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). While James Gregory was in school, he got interested in telescopes, so when he grew up, he wrote the book Optica Promota. Gillispie & F. L. In 1669, shortly after his return to Scotland, he married a young widow and started his own family. James Gregory may refer to: . This article has been rated as C-Class Biography assessment rating comment. Knowing that the arctangent of 1 is equal to π/4 led to the immediate substitution of 1 for x in this equation to produce the first infinite series expansion for π. The link was not copied. In 1588, he was elected a Fellow of St John's. Work Cited "James Gregory | Biography - Scottish Mathematician and Astronomer." His surname is sometimes spelled as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling. Gregory, James (1638–1675), mathematician, was born at the manse of Drumoak, near Aberdeen, in November 1638, the youngest son of John and Janet Gregory. Turnbull; 1939), which contains most of his letters and posthumous manuscripts. The Essentials 1. He invented a reflecting telescope (1661), which he described in his Optica promota (1663). Wikipedia. The son of an Anglican priest, Gregory received his early education from his mother. He found significant results of analysis or simultaneously with his contemporaries, but published little. He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions. In the latter work Gregory collected the main results then known about transforming a very general class of curves into sections of known curves (hence the designation “universal”), finding the areas bounded by such curves, and calculating the volumes of their solids of revolution. Summary. His surname is sometimes spelled as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling. In this work Gregory also introduced estimation of stellar distances by photometric methods. (This Protestant college was combined with the Roman Catholic King’s College in 1860 to form the University of Aberdeen.). Professor Titular, Department d'Humanitats, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. A. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Gregory, James Born 1638 in Aberdeen; died 1675 in Edinburgh. (1990), Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh. Although Gregory did not publish any more mathematical papers after his return to Scotland, his mathematical research continued. Delivering common-sense wisdom, old … of St. Andrews and, in 1674, professor of mathematics at the Univ. March 24, 2021. James Gregory, 1638–75, Scottish mathematician. This work analyzed the refractive and reflective properties of lens and mirrors based on various conic sections and substantially developed Johannes Kepler’s theory of the telescope. While in Italy he wrote Vera Circuli et Hyperbolae Quadratura (1667; “The True Squaring of the Circle and of the Hyperbola”) and Geometriae Pars Universalis (1668; “The Universal Part of Geometry”). Web. James Gregory(1638-1675) James Gregory was a seventeenth century mathematician and astronomer who developed infinite series representations for various trigonometric functions, but is better known for providing the first account of a practical reflecting telescope. Somewhat sickly as a child, Gregory... You do not currently have access to this article, Access to the full content requires a subscription, Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. …Newton’s contemporaries, the Scottish astronomer. Ask the expert: Top tips for virtual presentation success; March 23, 2021. He worked on using infinite convergent series to find the areas of the circle and hyperbola. In the former work he used a modification of the method of exhaustion of Archimedes (287–212/211 bce) to find the areas of the circle and sections of the hyperbola. Scottish Mathematician. Date of Birth 3. The Gregorian telescope is a type of reflecting telescope designed by Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory in the 17th century, and first built in 1673 by Robert Hooke. James Gregory FRS (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer.His surname is sometimes spelled as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling.He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions. Occupations The first was the English Civil War, Also the Great Plague in London kills 75,000, And the Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore. Professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, and later Savilian Professor of Astronomy at the University of Oxford, and a proponent of Isaac Newton's Principia. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Nevertheless, it encouraged the discovery of other, more rapidly convergent infinite series for π. In 1668 he became professor of mathematics at the Univ. James Gregory was born in Drumoak, near Aberdeen, Scotland, in November 1638. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Gregory, MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive - Biography of James Gregory, James Gregory - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). James Gregory (1638 – 1675).jpg 1,083 × 1,428; 359 KB His father, minister of Drumoak, was fined, deposed, and imprisoned by the covenanters. After his father’s death in 1650, he was sent to Aberdeen, first to grammar school and then to Marischal College, graduating from the latter in 1657. Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of James Gregory … Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. arctan x = x − x3/3 + x5/5 − x7/7 + … Gregory worked with infinite series expansion, and infinite processes in general. Birthplace 4. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. suppl. Complete sentences are unnecessary for this document. The certificate detailing Bayes’s admission to the university library was signed by James Gregory, brother of the Scottish mathematician and astronomer David Gregory, his immediate predecessor in the chair of mathematics, and nephew of the illustrious James Gregory (1638–1675). Updates? 2. In 1674, however, he became dissatisfied with the University of St. Andrews and left for the University of Edinburgh. His surname is sometimes spelled as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Member of the Royal Society of London (1668). Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a single article for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). He worked on using infinite convergent series to find the areas of the circle and hyperbola and was one of the founders (with Newton and Leibniz) of calculus. (1981); 2 vol. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Holmes, eds., , 16 vols. James Gregory FRS (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer.His surname is sometimes spelled as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling.He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions. Take notes on the following outline to research your mathematician. James Gregory (mathematician) James Gregory ( * November 1638 in Drumoak in Aberdeen, † October 1675 in Edinburgh) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. The most notable being James Gregory, who published an innovative design for a ‘reflecting’ telescope in 1663. James Gregory (mathematician) has been listed as a level-5 vital article in People, Mathematicians. James Gregory was a Scottish scientist and first Regius Professor of Mathematics at St Andrews who described the first practical reflecting telescope. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Printed from Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Following graduation, Gregory traveled to London where he published Optica Promota (1663; “The Advance of Optics”). James Gregory. (1970–80); repr. In 1742 Dodson published The Anti-Logarithmic Canon.Being a table of numbers consisting of eleven places of figures, corresponding to all Logarithms under 100,000, with an Introduction containing a short account of Logarithms. The Geometriae Pars Universalis (GPU) by the Scottish mathematician James Gregory is a 17th century mathematics text which uses geometrical techniques to solve a variety of calculus problems, such as finding tangents, areas, and volumes of revolution. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. World War II) 1. 4.11 James Gregory (1638-1675) A Scotsman, he was familiar with the mathematics of several countries. He did important work on series and in optics and was a strong supporter of Newton in his dispute with Leibniz. After studying Latin and Greek at a local grammar school, he entered St John's College, Cambridge, in 1577, and graduated in 1581. The extent of Gregory’s work has only been known and appreciated since the publication of James Gregory: Tercentenary Memorial Volume (ed. Three historic world events that occurred during his/her life (Ex. in 8 vols. James Gregory (mathematician) (1638–1675), Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory (physician) (1753–1821), Scottish physician James Gregory (mineralogist) (1832–1899), Scottish mineralogist James Gregory (actor) (1911–2002), American actor James Gregory (writer) (1941–2003), South African prison guard, author of Goodbye Bafana How neuroscience principles can lead to better learning As a mathematician Dodson is known mainly for his work on The Anti-Logarithmic Canon and The Mathematical Miscellany.. Author of. ( b. Drumoak, near Aberdeen, Scotland, November 1638; d. Edinburgh. 1638-1675. James Gregory, also spelled James Gregorie, (born November 1638, Drumoak [near Aberdeen], Scotland—died October 1675, Edinburgh), Scottish mathematician and astronomer who discovered infinite series representations for a number of trigonometry functions, although he is mostly remembered for his description of the first practical reflecting telescope, now known as the Gregorian telescope. David Gregory (mathematician) Scottish mathematician and astronomer. This must be attached to your final extra credit project. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Name 2. In 1592 he was made reader of the physical lecture founded by Thomas Linacre; he … James Gregory FRS (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer.His surname is sometimes spelled as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling.He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions. In his construction of an infinite sequence of inscribed and circumscribed geometric figures, Gregory was one of the first to distinguish between convergent and divergent infinite series. 2. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! This James was the brother of his immediate predecessor, David, in the chair of mathematics, and the nephew of the more famous James, who was the … Gregory (More Correctly Gregorie), James. Deutsch: James Gregory (* November 1638 in Drumoak bei Aberdeen; † Oktober 1675 in Edinburgh) war ein schottischer Mathematiker und Astronom. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In 1663 Gregory visited The Hague and Paris before settling in Padua, Italy, to study geometry, mechanics, and astronomy. James Gregory FRS (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. In 1661, Unfortunately, this series converges too slowly to π for the practical generation of digits in its decimal expansion. C. Education You could not be signed in, please check and try again. In 1719 he was admitted to the use of the university library, the certificate being signed by James Gregory. Scotland, late October 1675) mathematics, optics, astronomy. He visited London only once again, in 1673, to purchase supplies for what would have been Britain’s first public astronomical observatory. 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