The series stars Elle Fanning as Empress Catherine II and Nicholas Hoult as the Emperor Peter III. This throne can be seen in the Kremlin Armoury in Moscow. How Peter the Great Modernized Russia 2015. The Senate was founded as the highest state institution to supervise all judicial, financial and administrative affairs. Thus, in the year 7207 of the old Russian calendar, Peter proclaimed that the Julian Calendar was in effect and the year was 1700.[27]. "Russia under Peter the Great and the changed relations of East and West." Peter has been featured in many histories, novels, plays, films, monuments and paintings. A model fortress was built for his amusement, and he organized his first “play” troops, from which, in 1687, the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky Guards regiments were formed—to become the nucleus of a new Russian Army. Peter the Great - History of Russia in 100 Minutes (Part 11 of 36) Smart History of Russia "History of Russia in 100 Minutes" is a crash course for beginners. A Study On Peter The Great. [32] So-called ‘cipher schools’ were set up to train future civil servants and military men,[33] which again demonstrates how Peter was looking to the future through his educational reforms. 28 January] 1725)[b] ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May [O.S. Peter was deeply religious, being brought up in the Russian Orthodox faith, but he had low regard for the Church hierarchy, which he kept under tight governmental control. Deprived of this aid, Charles was forced to abandon his proposed march on Moscow.[28]. Both his hands and feet were small,[9][citation needed] and his shoulders were narrow for his height; likewise, his head was small for his tall body. in. Peter's mother selected his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina, with the advice of other nobles in 1689. Peter, overestimating the support he would receive from his Balkan allies, attacked the Ottoman Empire, initiating the Russo-Turkish War of 1710. Alexei's death most likely resulted from injuries suffered during his torture. As a souvenir from his disguised trip through Europe, Peter brought a stuffed crocodile back to Russia. in J.S. He did not receive the usual education of a tsar. He is responsible for bringing Russia into the modern age by reforming the military and providing a strong navy. She was soon crowned in Moscow, beginning a 34-year reign. And advanced the Russian culture by 120 years! Added to this were Peter's noticeable facial tics, and he may have suffered from petit mal, a form of epilepsy.[10]. A special high official, the Ober-Procurator, served as the link between the ruler and the senate and acted, in Peter own words, as "the sovereign's eye". Alexis did confess to conspiring against Peter. Peter made nobility hereditary and defined that all noblemen must serve from the age of 15. -Peter was still a despot in a very Russian way, not to much western enlightenment to his rule. When Fyodor died childless in 1682, a fierce struggle for power ensued between the Miloslavskys and the Naryshkins: the former wanted to put Fyodor’s brother, the delicate and feebleminded Ivan V, on the throne; the Naryshkins stood for the healthy and intelligent Peter. The former dealt with The Bronze Horseman, an equestrian statue raised in Peter's honour. For example, by the end of the century Russia came to export more iron than any other country in the world.[15]. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). However, whilst some reforms were mild and intended only to modernise Russia, others were more drastic and resulted in significant changes in the lives of ordinary Russians. [1] Peter's reforms had a lasting impact on Russia, and many institutions of the Russian government trace their origins to his reign. In 1716 and 1717, the Tsar revisited the Netherlands and went to see Herman Boerhaave. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Therefore, on 28 February 1714, he issued a decree calling for compulsory education, which dictated that all Russian 10- to 15-year-old children of the nobility, government clerks, and lesser-ranked officials must learn basic mathematics and geometry, and should be tested on the subjects at the end of their studies. His elder half-brother, a sickly youth, then succeeded to the throne as Fyodor III, but, in fact, power fell into the hands of the Miloslavskys, relatives of Fyodor’s mother, who deliberately pushed Peter and the Naryshkin circle aside. In 1724, Peter had his second wife, Catherine, crowned as Empress, although he remained Russia's actual ruler. For seven years, she ruled as an autocrat. Peter implemented a law that stipulated that no Russian man could join a monastery before the age of fifty. Peter later put his knowledge of shipbuilding to use in helping build Russia's navy. Not a revolution of sorts, evolution. "Gazing Anew at Poltava: Perspectives from the Military Revolution Controversy, Comparative History, and Decision-Making Doctrines. Peter I, better known as Peter the Great, is generally credited with bringing Russia into the modern age. Evaluation Of Peter The Great History Essay. The tsarevich Alexis and Catherine (to 1718), https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-the-Great, RT Russiapedia - Biography of Peter I the Great, Royal Museums Greenwich - Biography of Peter the Great, Peter the Great - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Peter the Great - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). For the rest of his time he radically changed the form and nature of his government in order to pursue war. May 29, 2015 - "peter the great" history memes - Google Search These included three sons named Pavel and three sons named Peter, all of whom died in infancy. Learn about his life and achievements in this lesson. Key events during the life of Peter the Great: Year: Event: 1672: Born June 9th, son of Alexis I of Russia. When she learned of his designs, Sophia conspired with some leaders of the Streltsy, who continually aroused disorder and dissent. The marriage did not last long: Peter soon began to ignore his wife, and in 1698 he relegated her to a convent. Though Ivan V remained nominally joint tsar with Peter, the administration was now largely given over to Peter’s kinsmen, the Naryshkins, until Ivan’s death in 1696. Normally, the Boyar Duma would have exercised power during his absence. – Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich 300 years ago, on the 24th of April 1703 to be exact, the frigate Shtandart became the flagship for the new Imperial Russian Navy as commanded by Tsar Peter I, also known as Pyotr Alexeyevich or Peter the Great. Peter III abdicated and was assassinated eight days later. Stalin wrote in 1928, "when Peter the Great, who had to deal with more developed countries in the West, feverishly built works in factories for supplying the army and strengthening the country's defenses, this was an original attempt to leap out of the framework of backwardness. Apr 27, 2013 - The Russian Empire was expanding and solidifying during the pre-modern period. I enjoyed reading Peter the Great. Popular AMA APA (6th edition) APA (7th edition) Chicago (17th edition, author-date) Harvard IEEE ISO 690 MHRA (3rd edition) MLA (8th … Peter's last years were marked by further reform in Russia. Each college consisted of a president, a vice-president, a number of councilors and assessors, and a procurator. Foolishly betraying his actions, Peter prepared to be rid of his wife. He transformed the country. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Peter I the Great. Still, Peter could not acquire actual control over Russian affairs. Aleksei Tolstoi, Peter the First (1929-45). Early Life. [23] The Streltsy were disbanded, some of the rebels were deported to Siberia, and the individual they sought to put on the Throne — Doctors removed a litre of “putrid” urine, and a fever ensued. Originally established only for the time of the monarch's absence, the Senate became a permanent body after his return. He is also known for founding and developing the city of Saint Petersburg, which remained the capital of Russia until 1917. Peter implemented social modernization in an absolute manner by introducing French and western dress to his court and requiring courtiers, state officials, and the military to shave their beards and adopt modern clothing styles. Mathematics, fortification, and navigation were the sciences that appealed most strongly to Peter. Peter's northern armies took the Swedish province of Livonia (the northern half of modern Latvia, and the southern half of modern Estonia), driving the Swedes into Finland. Peter's imperial title was recognized by Augustus II of Poland, Frederick William I of Prussia, and Frederick I of Sweden, but not by the other European monarchs. During his stay the Tsar engaged many skilled workers such as builders of locks, fortresses, shipwrights, and seamen—including Cornelis Cruys, a vice-admiral who became, under Franz Lefort, the Tsar's advisor in maritime affairs. [6], The "Grand Embassy" continued nevertheless. Sophia would sit behind the throne and listen as Peter conversed with nobles, while feeding him information and giving him responses to questions and problems. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. One goal was to seek the aid of European monarchs, but Peter's hopes were dashed. His early life was incredibly privileged and he was educated by several notable intellectuals. Peter implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia. Russia was ill-prepared to fight the Swedes, and their first attempt at seizing the Baltic coast ended in disaster at the Battle of Narva in 1700. Tour the Kolomenskoye residence of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Moscow, the estate that is closely associated with the fate of Peter … His mistress, Catherine, later became Catherine I of Russia, also a great leader. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. On 22 October 1721, soon after peace was made with Sweden, he was officially proclaimed Emperor of All Russia. An autopsy revealed his bladder to be infected with gangrene. Peter the Great. He forbade the building of stone edifices outside Saint Petersburg, which he intended to become Russia's capital, so that all stonemasons could participate in the construction of the new city. [36], This icy water rescue is said to have exacerbated Peter's bladder problems and caused his death. The traditional leader of the Church was the Patriarch of Moscow. He also occupied himself with carpentry, joinery, blacksmith’s work, and printing. Russia had defeated what was considered to be one of the world's best militaries, and the victory overturned the view that Russia was militarily incompetent. [39], Peter the Great had two wives, with whom he had fourteen children, three of whom survived to adulthood. All of Peter's male children had died. Tsar Alexis, detail of a portrait by an unknown artist, c. 1670; in the State Historical Museum, Moscow. Western writers and political analysts recounted "The Testimony" or secret will of Peter the Great. In-text: (Cheney, … 2 Posts. Charles XII refused to retreat to Poland or back to Sweden and instead invaded Ukraine. Peter the Great tells the story of Peter who was a tzar (leader) of Russia. Evaluating historical evidence and arguments presented by historians such as Derek Wilson, W. Lincoln, and Robert Massie, show the course of events that allowed Peter to bring western European … Several rulers feared that Peter would claim authority over them, just as the Holy Roman Emperor had claimed suzerainty over all Christian nations. Peter withdrew his army southward, employing scorched earth, destroying along the way anything that could assist the Swedes. [4] Throughout this period, the government was largely run by Artamon Matveev, an enlightened friend of Alexis, the political head of the Naryshkin family and one of Peter's greatest childhood benefactors. Peter and another half-brother, Ivan, were to rule jointly, but because Ivan was sickly, his sister Sophia served as regent. While his military reforms were ongoing, he reformed the church, education and areas of Russia’s economy. [52], After the fall of Communism in 1991, scholars and the general public in Russia and the West gave fresh attention to Peter and his role in Russian history. Peter … Office renamed from "Tsar" to "Emperor" on 2 November 1721. To improve his nation's position on the seas, Peter sought to gain more maritime outlets. Peter The Great Of Russia. The story, however, has been viewed with skepticism by some historians, pointing out that the German chronicler Jacob von Staehlin is the only source for the story, and it seems unlikely that no one else would have documented such an act of heroism. When Alexis died in 1676, Peter was only four years old. He used a fake name, allowing him to escape social and diplomatic events, but since he was far taller than most others, he did not fool anyone of importance. While his first tutor, the former church clerk Nikita Zotov, could give little to satisfy Peter’s curiosity, the boy enjoyed noisy outdoor games and took especial interest in military matters, his favourite toys being arms of one sort or another. ", Resis, Albert. Voltaire's 1759 biography gave 18th-century Russians a man of the Enlightenment, while Alexander Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" poem of 1833 gave a powerful romantic image of a creator-god. Riasanovsky points to a "paradoxical dichotomy" in the black and white images such as God/Antichrist, educator/ignoramus, architect of Russia's greatness/destroyer of national culture, father of his country/scourge of the common man. He faced much opposition to these policies at home but brutally suppressed rebellions against his authority, including by the Streltsy, Bashkirs, Astrakhan, and the greatest civil uprising of his reign, the Bulavin Rebellion. 27, 2015 were dashed been modern: Approaches to the throne at ten years.... 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